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African Affairs Advance Access published online on September 1, 2005
African Affairs, doi:10.1093/afraf/adi069
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal African Society. All rights reserved

Article

Globalization, Marginalization and Contemporary Social Movements in South Africa

Richard Ballard 1, Adam Habib 2, Imraan Valodia 3, and Elke Zuern 4

1 School of Development Studies and Centre for Civil Society, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
2 Human Sciences Research Council and School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
3 School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
4 Department of Politics, Sarah Lawrence College, New York


  Abstract

The objective of this article is to provide a broad framework for situating social movements in post-apartheid South Africa. The discussion begins with a brief review of approaches to the study of social movements and then turns to the challenges presented by globalization. South African democratization coincided with its increasing economic, social and political engagement with the rest of the world. One of the key effects of this has been massive job losses and resultant increases in poverty and inequality. Finally, the article reviews key features of movements in postapartheid South Africa. Overwhelmingly, these movements are driven by worsening poverty, with struggles addressing both labour issues and consumption issues. In addition, some movements confront questions of social exclusion in terms of gender, sexuality and citizenship which sit at the intersection of recognition and redistribution. Given the failure of the post-apartheid party political system to generate opposition to the left of the African National Congress (ANC), social movements provide a vital counterbalance to promote the needs of the poor in political agendas.


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